Pneumonia is a highly contagious disease that is spread by coughing, sneezing, or touching contaminated surfaces. While anyone can catch pneumonia, seniors are particularly vulnerable.

Protecting seniors from pneumonia starts by understanding the underlying reasons for the increased risk. As we age, the body’s natural defense system or immunity also weakens.

• Seniors tend to have more chronic conditions that also create an added risk for illness. Those with heart conditions and recovering from surgery are also at a higher risk.
• A weakened ability to cough. Seniors who have suffered from a stroke may have lost the ability to cough enough to clear their lungs.
• Seniors are more likely to live in community settings where the risk of spreading pneumonia, flu, colds, or COVID is even greater. This might be a temporary hospitalization or a long-term care facility.
• The elderly may be more sedentary due to mobility challenges, leaving little opportunity to move or walk which helps move oxygen through the body.
  

Pneumonia causes inflammation of the lungs, specifically the air sacs from infection with viruses, bacteria, or fungus.  Streptococcus pneumonia is the most frequent bacterial cause of pneumonia.  

Viruses like the flu, COVID-19, and RSV can also cause pneumonia, with COVID-19 particularly resulting in fluid buildup in both lungs and low oxygen levels. Fungal pneumonia results from exposure to an environmental factor like bird droppings, contaminated soil, or mold.

When infected for any reason, the lungs become inflamed and filled with fluid, making it harder for the body to push oxygen through the lungs and the bloodstream. In extreme cases, pneumonia can lead to long-term respiratory problems, hospitalization, and death.

Families and caregivers can help protect seniors and the elderly from pneumonia by considering several key factors.

1. Stay vigilant about the signs and symptoms, especially because some cases can be silent with no visible symptoms.
2. Routinely observe the physical living environment. Is it clean? Is there an opportunity to open windows or allow fresh air to circulate? Help seniors find ways to keep a regular cleaning routine especially if they live alone or lack the mobility or energy to handle cleaning.
3. Take particular note if the senior has a specific health history that creates a greater risk. If so, visit with a primary care physician about how to minimize risks. 
4. Encourage seniors to remain active and moving. If in a group living situation, explore group exercises or outdoor activities that increase physical movement. 
5. Talk to primary care physicians about vaccinations with pneumococcal vaccines (PCV13, PCV15, PCV20), Influenza, and COVID 19.
6. Encourage a general wellness lifestyle that includes plenty of sleep, a healthy diet, and physical activity. Overall good health practices support a stronger immune system which can help prevent illness.

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